[Objective] This paper analyzed the characteristics of vegetation change and its correlation with meteorological factors in Sichuan Province in order to provide a theoretical basis for sustainable development of the region. [Methods] MODIS NDVI data was adopted to extend GIMMS NDVI vegetation types-based data using linear regression method. Then, the characteristics of vegetation change and its correlation with meteorological factors were studied by using coefficient of variation, trend analysis and partial correlation analysis. [Results] (1) According to NDVI, most areal vegetation of Sichuan Province were substantially unchanged and decreased. Decreased regions were mainly located in the medium altitude mountain of the northeast areas, the mountain areas around Sichuan Basin and the plateau wetlands. The increased area was small, mainly located in the north central of Sichuan Basin and the west of Western Sichuan plateau. (2) The influence of temperature and precipitation changes on vegetation was different. In the southwestern and the northwestern of Ganzi area, as well as the southwestern of Sichuan Basin, where were mainly covered with shrubs and alpine vegetation, these vegetations was more influenced by the temperature. In the northeast of Sichuan Province and the central of Sichuan Basin, where the vegetation were dominated by coniferous forest and rice cultivation, were more sensitive to precipitation. [Conclusion] The change of annual maximum NDVI displayed obvious successive characteristics over the past 32 years, an overall downward trend was observed. The correlations of NDVI with precipitation and temperature displayed significant linear correlation, and the effects of temperature and precipitation on vegetation change had obvious regional differences.