[Objective] To analyze the driving mechanism of environmental pollution, and privide support for economic derelopment and enviromental planning in Henan Province. [Methods] To interpret the dynamic changes in the environmental pollution of He'nan Province and its relationships with some driving forces based on co-integration analysis, error-correct model, impulse response function, and variance decomposition. [Results] Over all, environmental pollution had long-term co-integration relationship with GDP per capita, proportion of secondary industry, total population, foreign direct investment and government regulation, and the error correction mechanism existed. The impulse response analysis showed that GDP per capita, proportion of secondary industry and total population aggravated environmental pollution, while foreign direct investment had slightly positive impacts and government regulation has insignificant effects. According to the results of variance decomposition, total population was the most important factor for environmental pollution, followed by proportion of secondary industry and GDP per capita. [Conclusion] Rationalizing the population distribution and optimizing industrial structure is the future development orientation for environment pollution control.