[Objective] To explore the effect of vermicompost on soil organic carbon oxidation stability and carbon pool management index in cherry plantation(Cerasus pseudocerasus), in order to provide scientific basis for improving soil quality management and the increase of agriculture carbon emission reduction potential. [Methods] A field experiment was conducted to determine the five treatments, CK(neither urea nor vermicompost was applied), N₁₀₀(100% of nitrogen was provided by urea), M₁₀N₉₀(10% and 90% of nitrogen was provided by vermicompost and urea, respectively), M₃₀N₇₀(30% and 70% of nitrogen was provided by vermicompost and urea, respectively), and M₅₀N₅₀(50% and 50% of nitrogen was provided by vermicompost and urea, respectively) on soil organic carbon(SOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), readily oxidizable carbon(ROC) contents, organic carbon oxidation stability, as well as carbon pool management index(CPMI) of Cerasus pseudocerasus. [Results] The SOC contents under M₃₀N₇₀ and M₅₀N₅₀ treatments increased by 12.07% and 18.75% in comparison with the N₁₀₀ treatment, respectively. The MBC and ROC contents and CPMI achieved the highest value in M₃₀N₇₀ treatment and had significant differences with other treatments, showing 51.34%, 15.16% and 6.47% increases in ROC content and 73.07, 30.06 and 20.71 increases in CPMI, respectively, compared to the treatments of N₁₀₀, M₁₀N₉₀ and M₅₀N₅₀. However, the oxidation stability index of organic carbon in M₃₀N₇₀ treatment was obviously lower than other treatments, which decreased by 36.22% compared with N₁₀₀ treatment. [Conclusion] In the cherry cultivation, application of vermicompost co-applied with inorganic fertilizer, especially the M₃₀N₇₀ treatment, was beneficial on soil quality amelioration and soil fertility improvement.