[Objective] This paper analyzed the characteristics of drought and flood disasters occurred in agro-pastoral ecotone of Northeast China and the precedent climate change, mainly from the view of the effects of climate change on drought and flood disasters, in order to provide the scientific basis for making full use of climate resources, allocating water resources reasonably and improving response capacity to disaster.[Methods] Using the monthly temperature and precipitation data of 21 stations in agro-pastoral ecotone of Northeast China from 1960 to 2011, this paper analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of drought and flood conditions by Mann-Kendall climate mutation test, the standardized precipitation index(SPI), splining interpolation method.[Results] (1) The area showed a tendency of warming and drying. SPI3 showed that flood events increased in spring and winter, while in summer and autumn drought event increased; (2) The temperature changed in 1 988 suddenly. After the mutation, drought increased at a proportion of 20.7%, flood rised in a proportion of 9.3%. Precipitation in the "normal" year reduced significantly, this is extremely unfavorable to the area; (3) Regions with low value center of SPI extended from Horqin sandy land to the Songnen Plain in the northeast area, drought was more serious in the middle and south of the agro-pastoral ecotone of Northeast China.[Conclusion] The ecological environment of this area seems vulnerable, in order to offset the negative influence of warming and drying on farming and animal husbandry, emergency plan should be started early in drought areas.