[Objective] This paper aimed at studying the water environment carrying capacity of Xuzhou City in recent ten years, in order to provide theoretical supports for improving the research systerm of regional water environment carrying capacity.[Methods] The index system was established from two aspects:water resources carrying capacity and water pollution bearing capacity. And the improved entropy method was used to reorder the indices. Then, the model of regional water environment carrying capacity based on the catastrophe progression method was built and applied to the evaluation.[Results] (1) The water resource carrying capacity was overall low in each year, and had large inter-yearly variation. Especially in the years of 2002, 2006 and 2010, the water resource carrying capacity was at level Ⅰ; (2) On the whole, the water pollution bearing capacity had climbed and had a sign of getting steady; (3) The water environment carrying capacity of Xuzhou City were at level Ⅲ only in 2005 and 2009, while the other years were below level Ⅲ.[Conclusion] Although the water environmental carrying capacity of Xuzhou City had shown some improvement since 2003, it was relatively poor. Due to the uncontrollable natural attributes, the water resources carrying capacity is the main factors that would limit the water environment carrying capacity of Xuzhou City.