[Objective] The spatial distribution patterns and socio-economic factors on soil nitrogen were studied in Shehong County of Sichuan Province.[Methods] Based on the random sampled soil nitrogen data, and social and economic data, geostatistics and spatial analysis of ArcGIS 9.3 were used.[Results] (1) the contents of soil total nitrogen(TN) and alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen(AHN) were 1.08±0.29 g/kg and 100.24±34.80 mg/kg respectively. The regions with highest value(>1.4 g/kg) of TN contents were mainly distributed in Yanjiagou and Xiangjiaying, the regions with lowest value(<0.9 g/kg) located in Niancaoba; The regions with highest value(>140 mg/kg) of AHN contents were mainly distributed in Wanbaishan and Xianjiaping, the regions with lowest value(<80 mg/kg) were mainly located in Niancaoba. (2) The TN contents increased firstly then decreased with the increase of distances around the towns, while the AHN contents reduced gradually; The TN contents were unchanged, while the AHN contents reduced gradually near roads; The TN contents were not changed, while the AHN contents were increased gradually in near by homesteads; (3) The contents of soil nitrogen were influenced greatly by the regional location around towns, roads and homesteads; (4) There were some differences of the contents of soil nitrogen for different nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphatic fertilizer and organic manure fertilizer, but the AHN contents were tightly tied to nitrogenous fertilizer.[Conclusion] To sum up, the impact of soil nitrogen of socio-economic factors had obvious regional difference.