矿区复垦对土壤养分和酶活性以及微生物数量的影响
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国家自然科学青年基金项目"典型煤矿区煤矸石自燃源多环芳烃的形成机制与释放模式"(41103052)


Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activity and Microbe Quantity in Reclaimed Soil in Mining Area
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    [目的] 研究矿区复垦对土壤养分和酶活性以及微生物的影响,并揭示其时空演变规律。[方法] 以安徽省庐江钒矿区碳质页岩风化物区域的复垦土壤为对象,采用野外调查和室内分析的方法,对矿区复垦下的土壤养分、酶活性及微生物数量展开调查。[结果] 随着复垦年限的增加,土壤电导率、含水量和全盐含量均明显增加,土壤容重、pH值和总孔隙度则明显降低;随着复垦年限的增加,土壤全钾和有效钾含量均降低,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、微生物量碳和微生物量氮增加,而全磷和有效磷并没有明显的变化趋势,其中土壤微生物量的变化幅度最大,对复垦的响应最为敏感;随着复垦年限的增加,矿区土壤蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和微生物数量均有所增加,但其增加幅度逐渐减小,细菌数量处于绝对优势地位,占到微生物总数的99.3%以上;随着土层深度的增加,土壤酶活性、微生物数量和土壤养分均呈降低趋势,表现出明显的"表聚性",同层相比,基本呈现出:60 a >40 a >20 a >5 a规律,局部有所波动。[结论] 矿区复垦能够改善土壤质量和土壤肥力;矿区复垦过程中通过影响土壤微生物活动和代谢进而影响土壤养分及酶活性,同时土壤微生物与养分和酶活性等地下生态指标之间在复垦过程中具有统一性。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] This paper aimed to illustrate the spatial-temporal change of soil nutrients, enzyme activity and microbe quantity when mined area was reclaimed.[Methods] Through collecting samples at different depths in soil with different reclaimed age in Lujiang mined area, soil nutrients, enzyme activity and microbe quantity were measured and soil physical-chemical indexes were investigated.[Results] The statistical analysis revealed that as reclamation years increased, the soil pH value, soil bulk density and total porosity reduced gradually and the soil electrical conductivity, moisture content and total salt increased gradually. Meanwhile, the total potassium and effective potassium content reduced, and organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased gradually, while P had no obvious trend. Microbial biomass was most sensitive to mine reclamation with the largest variation. Soil urease, sucrase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase activity and microbe quantity increased with the increasing of reclamation years. In the mine soil, bacteria were predominant(more than 99.3% in amount), actinomyces ranked next, and fungi amount was the least among the three communities of soil microbes. With the increasing of depth, soil nutrients, enzyme activity and microbe quantity declined gradually, which implied that they had the "surface accumulation". At the same soil layer with different reclamation years, soil nutrients, enzyme activity and microbe quantity largely ranked as:60 a>40 a>20 a>5 a, though local fluctuation existed.[Conclusion] Mine reclamation could improve soil quality and soil fertility, and the soil microbial metabolism. The later could influence the soil nutrient and enzyme activity in the mine soil, which suggested that all the factors in soil system were in a dynamic change and in balance. They have two traits, one of the trait is that they interacte and influence each other as a combined unity, and the other one is that they behaved dynamically balanced. The two traits imply that have the uniformity and synchronicity in soil.

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李智兰.矿区复垦对土壤养分和酶活性以及微生物数量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(2):6-13

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  • 收稿日期:2014-09-27
  • 最后修改日期:2014-10-24
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-04-05
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