[Objective] To analyze the spatial and temporal change of landscape pattern and ecological security in the Ebinur Lake watershed in the past 10 years.[Methods] RS and GIS technology were used, and landscape ecological indexes and ecological resilience were combined to comprehensively evaluated the ecological security of the study area.[Results] (1) In the past 10 years, land use/cover had a dramatic change due to socio-economic development. The increasing farmland and decreasing natural vegetation of grassland and woodland resulted in instability of local ecosystem; (2) In 2001, the total number of patches (N_P) were 2 560, and it increased to 3 476 in the end of 2009, meanwhile, fragmentation index increased from 0.054 0 to 0.073 3, this indicated that the ecological environment was further fragmentated and became more ecologically unstable; (3) Ecological resilience(ECO_res) showed a "∧" shaped trend(inversed "V") from 2001 to 2009. The ECO_res index has increased from 1.200×10⁷ in 2001 to 1.568×10⁷ in 2005, and then decreased to 14.86×10⁶ in 2009. As a whole, ECO_resindex showed an increasing trend. This increase was owing to the rapid expansion of farmland and gradually declination of woodland, grassland and other natural vegetation coverage. Ecological resilience was changing into unstable status because of the simple ecosystem layout and negative influence of human activities.[Conclusion] As a whole, landscape ecological security of land use/cover was lowered in the Ebinur Lake watershed from 2001 to 2009.