[Objective] To understand the influence of vegetation restoration on the distribution and stability of the soil aggregate in karst mountains.[Methods] Based on the field survey and laboratory analysis, we studied the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil, the distribution and stability of the soil aggregate from wasteland, grassland, bushwood, forest-shrub under four different vegetation coverages in typical karst mountains in Guohua Town, Pinguo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.[Results] (1) The water-stable soil aggregate of diameter >0.25 mm was significantly negative with soil bulk density and significantly positive with soil organic carbon; (2) The water-stable soil aggregate was mainly in diameter in diameter of 2~1 mm, 1~0.5 mm and <0.25 mm,and the water-stable soil aggregate of diameter >0.25 mm in grassland, bushwood and forest-shrub is obviously higher than in wasteland, while the topsoil is higher than the subsoil; (3) With the increase of soil depths, the destruction rate of the soil aggregate increases; the destruction rate order of the soil aggregate was:grassland< bushwood< forest-shrub< wasteland, the mean mass diameter and gemetric mean diameter of grassland and bushwood is significantly higher than wasteland and forest-shrub.[Conclusion] The vegetation restoration increases the stability of the soil aggregate, and the soil aggregate stability of grassland and bushwood are more higher, which are more conducive to soil and water conservation, and can be used as the main vegetation types for soil and water conservation in this area.