Mu Us sandland with dry climate, scarce water, and fragile ecological environment, is very sensitive to all kinds of anthropogenic disturbances. Coal Mining resources in this region is bound to increase the burden on local environment, and make the ecological environment worse. Taking Dabaodang coal mine as an example, the number of patches, shape index, diversity index and other indicators were analyzed through field investigation, to find out the type and distribution of natural vegetation, using geographic information system technology and surface subsidence prediction model, and vegetation landscape pattern change caused by coal mining was predicted. The results showed that after coal mining, the landscape fragmentation increased, patch shape was complexitied, the landscape heterogeneity decreased, and the vegetation biomass reduced. The vegetation types changed. Bushes originally had Sabina vulgaris, Salix psammophila, Astragalus adsurgens as the dominant species of succeed to shrubs which was dominated by species Artemisia ordosica. From the change of whole mining area, there are some disturbance of coal mining to the natural ecological system, but was not cause the radical change, the natural ecological system still had certain recovery and control ability. A series of biological and engineering measures should be taken to promote ecological environment of the mining area to the direction of sustainable development.