In order to explore the water-thermal conditions of different mulching treatments, and their effects on potato yield and water use efficiency in arid and semi-arid area, the field experiment was conducted, which included common plastic film(CPF), straw(S), green manuring(GM), liquid film(LF) and bare land(CK). Soil water content, topsoil temperature, yield and water use efficiency of different mulching treatments were investigated. The results showed that, compared with the conventional tillage technique treatments, CPF, S, GM, LF increased soil daily mean temperature in 0-25 cm layer by 3.62℃, 2.01℃, 1.50℃ and 2.38℃, respectively. The different mulching treatments increased the soil moisture. CPF, S, GM and LF could increased soil water content in 0-25 cm layer by 3.25%, 2.24%, 2.40% and 2.50%, respectively. Compared with CK, the tuber yield with the treatments of CPF, S, GM and LF increased by 10.33%, 23.03%, 20.27% and 27.17%. The descending order of water use efficiency of different mulching treatments was liquid film, green manuring, straw, common plastic film and CK. Therefore, liquid film had significant effect on soil water conservation and potato yield.