Adopting the data about Shaanxi terminal energy consumption during 1996-2010 and energy consumption per unit of GDP for each city in Shaanxi Province in 2010, the total carbon emission, per capita carbon emission and carbon emission intensity were estimated, and the influence factors of carbon emission were analyzed by using LMDI(logarithmic mean divisia index) decomposition model based on the Kaya identity. The results show that:(1) The total carbon emission and per capita carbon emission of energy consumption were fallen slightly during 1996-2000, then showed a trend of increased volatility year by year during 2001-2010 in Shaanxi Province, while the carbon emission intensity presented a downward trend overall. According to the energy ratio of carbon emission, coal consumption accounted for absolute proportion(70.47%).(2) There were obvious differences of total carbon emission among each cities in Shaanxi Province, it was the highest in Guanzhong area, it was second in Northern Shaanxi Province, and it was the lowest in Southern Shaanxi Province; In the regional city: carbon emission were by more than 5.00×10⁶ t in Yulin, Xi'an and Weinan City, but it was only 7.21×10⁴ t in Yangling zone; The intensity was higher in Yulin and Weinan City, and was lower in Yangling zone and Shangluo City.(3) Economic output, industrial structure and population size showed a positive effect on carbon emission increasing during this period, while the energy intensity and energy structure showed a negative effect. Among all these influence factors, economic growth is the decisive factor for the carbon emission increasing, and the reduction of the energy intensity is a major determinant of carbon emission decreasing.