On the basis of defining the meaning of land ecosystem health, the evaluation index system for land ecosystem health was constructed based on the PSR(press-state-response)model, then an empirical analysis was conducted in Sichuan Province by entropy method and grey prediction model. The results showed that:(1) The level of land ecosystem health had been gradually improved in Sichuan Province from 1999 to 2010, with the index increasing from 0.481 3 to 0.637 2. The degree of land ecosystem health generally experienced two stages, i.e., critical state and sub-health.(2) The pressure index and status index showed a downward trend, while response index, a rising trend.(3) The cultivated land per capita, land reclamation rate, extent of soil erosion, the pesticide load and fertilizer load per unit of cultivated land were verified to be the key constraints for further improvement of land ecosystem health.(4) The level of land ecosystem health showed a steady upward trend in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2015, and the average annual growth rate reached 2.86%.