With rapid development of the resources and social economy in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,some provisions,especially the compensation standard,are not suitable for the new situation and needs.Therefore,we should explore further in practice and establish new collecting standards of soil and water compensation in Xinjiang region to promote the harmonization between economic and social development and ecological environment associated with soil and water conservation.Incorporating the practices of soil and water conservation administrative divisions,this study described the connotation and denotation of soil and water conservation compensation,analyzed the present status and risks of soil erosion in the region,compared the approaches to estimating the values of ecological service function,and especially assessed the soil and water conservation function values of Xinjiang region.By calculation,the soil and water conservation function value in Xinjiang region was approximately 123.1 billion/a.The result could be used as reference to determine soil and water loss compensation in coal,oil and natural gas development projects.