The objects of soil and water conservation in the first national census for water resources include soil loss, erosion channel, and soil and water conserv ation measures. The census for soil loss adopts the methods of combing macro remote sensing survey with ground system sampling survey and utilizing soil erosion evaluation models to evaluate the distribution, size, and intensity of different erosion types. Erosion channel census uses the elementary data from remote sensing and DEM to gain the location of erosion channel and obtains the area, number, and distribution by field survey and spatial analysis additionally. Through analyzing various basic data comprehensively, soil and water conservation measures census acquires the types and quantity of engineering measures and plant measures.