This study was conducted in a sugarcane field in order to promote vinasse application as an effective fertilizer resource and develop a mode of water and nutrient management in sugarcane fields. Three treatments were designed as follows: CK₁ (no fertilizer treatment ), CK₂(chemical fertilization treatment ), vinasse (75 t/hm² vinasse treatment). The effect softhree treatments on soil moisture, Cu, and Cl uptakes by sugarcane and runoff losses were investigated and food safety or environmental contamination in surface runoff water was assessed. Results showed that the application of vinasse increased soil moisture utilization rate and decreased Cu content in sugarcane and surface runoff, as compared with treatment CK₂. However, the application of vinasse increased Cl content in sugarcane and Cl contents or concentrations in sugarcane juice or runoff for all treatments were far less than GB value. It is concluded that in this experimental condition vinasse (containing much orgnic matter) application to sugarcane field decreases water and copper loss, but no serious consequence is found on quality of sucrose and surface water environment. Vinasse is suitable for sugarcane field application.