Taking the Baota district of Yan'an City and seven townships(towns) of Ansai County for example,this paper discussed the evolution of regional agro-ecological economic system and the corresponding changes in its ecological and economic benefits.We recognized the major contents of agro-ecological economy and its main influencing factors,and predicted the per-capita income in the following 5-15 years,and the population,per-capital basic farmland,orchards and sheep in the next 30-40 years in its typical watershed region.By the method of system analysis,the main 20 specific indexes from the indexes system were further recognized,which can be categorized into eco-environment,economic benefit and sustainable development,we worked out to construct the eco-agricultural economic indicators evaluation system that are suitable for the loess hills and gully region.