The paper introduces the soil and water conservation monitoring practice in the development and construction project of Yizheng-Changling oil pipeline in Hu’nan, Jiangxi and Hubei Province. The content includes the background of project, monitoring area and its zoning, monitoring contents, monitoring methods, analyses of monitoring data, discussion and conclusion, etc. The monitoring result indicates that the monitoring indices like restoration ratio of disturbed farmland, control ratio of soil and water loss, retaining ratio of discarded earth and stone, and control ratio of soil erosion come up to the standards of prevention and harness. However, the two indices of restoration ratio of destroyed vegetation and coverage degree of forestry and grass have larger gaps for reaching the desired goal.