黄河三角洲和莱州湾南岸湿地植被特征及演化的对比研究
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山东省科学技术发展项目(012110115);青岛大学科研基金项目(200305)


Comparative Research on Characters and Evolvement of Vegetation of Coastal Wetlands of Yellow River Delta and Southern Laizhou Bay
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    摘要:

    根据生态适应类型将黄河三角洲和莱州湾南岸湿地植被建群种和主要伴生种划分为盐生植物、水生植物和湿生植物3类,对比分析了两地自然湿地植被类型、分布和演化的差异。黄河三角洲潮间带中上部分布以盐地碱蓬、柽柳等为建群种的湿地植被,潮上带分布的主要是以芦苇、香蒲、獐毛等为建群种湿地植被,最近30多年来湿地植被演化迅速,演化趋势为裸露滩涂、潮间带及潮上带盐沼湿地、淡水沼泽湿地、草甸湿地、农田,大面积的自然湿地植被被人工湿地取代。莱州湾南岸潮间带无植被分布,潮上带主要分布以盐地碱蓬、碱蓬、柽柳等为建群种的湿地植被,最近30多年来盐沼湿地、淡水沼泽湿地分别向草甸湿地演化,大面积的盐沼湿地植被因农业围垦、盐田、虾池建设等原因消失了。

    Abstract:

    The author divided the dominant plants and leading associated plants of vegetation on coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta and the Southern Laizhou Bay into three eco-adapted types of halophytes,hydrophytes and amphiphytes,and compared the differences of vegetation types,the distribution and evolvement of the vegetation there.The dominant plants of vegetation on middle and high tide foreshore wetlands in the Yellow River Delta are halophytes such as Suaeda heterobtera and Tamarix chinensix,and the vegetation on coastal wetlands in beach are fresh water marsh and meadow where the dominant plants are hydrophytes and amphiphytes such as Phragmities Communis,Typha orientalis and Aeluropus littoralis var sinensis.The vegetation has evolved rapidly into bare tide foreshore,salt marsh in tide foreshore and beach,fresh water marsh meadow and farmland in the latest 30 years.Much of vegetation on the wetlands has been replaced by artificial wetlands.There is no vegetation on tide foreshore in the Southern Laizhou Bay,but there are salt marshes in beach where the dominant plants are halophytes such as Suaeda heterobtera,Suaeda glauca and Tamarix chinensix.Salt marsh and fresh water marsh have evolved into meadow,and much of vegetation of salt marshes in the Southern Laizhou Bay has disappeared due to the construction of saltern and ponds of shrimps and crabs in the latest 30 years.

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张绪良,谷东起,丰爱平,夏东兴.黄河三角洲和莱州湾南岸湿地植被特征及演化的对比研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,(3):127-131,140

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  • 收稿日期:2004-10-26
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-11-26
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