The cumulative amount of controlled soil and water loss area in Pingchang county, Sichuan province is 782.3km². Of this 2.77*10⁴km² is under a grazing banned，2.06*10⁴km² for soil and water conservation, and 8.29*10⁴km² is planted to fruit. Great achievement has been gained since the ecological rehahilition project begun at the end of 2001. The key to implementing the project is to resolve One Contradiction, to grasp Two Combinations to deal with Four Relations and to establish Four Mechanisms. But the problems are the one sidedness of awareness, the limiiation of measures, the weakness of science and technology, the lack of capital, and so on. The countermeasures to overcome these problems include a full understanding of the contents of the ecological rehabilitation project, harmonizing relationship between humans and nature, consistently taking the way of comprchensive control, strengthening scientific supervisory measurements, enlarging capital collection and investment and so on.