On the basis of investigation in the middle and lower reaches of Midanjiang Basin, current status and characteristics of soil and water loss were deeply analyzed. In terms of soil and water conservation and ecological construction, prevention and supervision, ecological monitoring and technical support were discussed. Combining the cultivation measure, forest and grass and project measure, construction scope of soil and water conservation and ecological project were put forward. Ecological, economic and social benefits were analyzed in detail, showing the benefits was obvious and the project was feasible in economy.