The paper says that the work of soil and water conservation on loess plateau has been entering into a new peri-od with all-around, coordinative and stable development gradually since the eighties and also has formed a newstructure by taking a small watershed control as base,by taking stress control projects as the key at all levels and bytaking the key control to promote control development in a large seweale. The paper analyses the cause of formation ofthe structure from internal motive force of development and external environment conditions. It discusses the out-standing characteristics of the period macroly and summarizes the basic experiences over ten yearo briefly.It pointsout the exlsting problerns, too. To counter these problerns,the paper has put forward some relevant counter-mea-sures. These are mainly :To strengthen leadership further;To relax policies;To increase money,science and technol-ogy input;To implement the guiding principle of taking prevention as main conscientiously;To raise and enlarge keycontrol project at all levels enthusiastically; To break through the key point and to advance in all-around way. Thesense must be changed,Such things should be pushed forward in soil and water conservation work as developmentand management,developing commercial preduction, constructing small watershed economy and speeding up pacesof marching on towards comparatively well-off in rural area on loess plateau.