Soil erosion, as a form of soil degradation, has become the most serious problem facing the global land resources. As the most serious disaster factor of soil erosion, soil erosion will have adverse effects on landuse, water and soil resource management and social sustainable development. Qinling Mountain is China"s geographical boundary zone, climatic zone and ecological barrier zone, and is China"s "central water tower" and "China"s green core". As a pivotal ecological bastion within China, the Qinling Mountains hold a significant position in safeguarding the nation"s ecological security.Affected by the fragile geological environment, strong human activities and climate change, the current situation of soil erosion control in local agricultural areas and ecologically fragile areas is still severe. This study focuses on the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains (Xi"an section) as its research subject. Utilizing the RUSLE model, it quantifies the soil erosion modulus, examines the spatiotemporal distribution of soil erosion, and investigates the characteristics of land use change. By analyzing the variations in soil erosion influenced by rainfall erosivity and land use factors, the research delves into the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil erosion under the interplay of natural and anthropogenic forces.The results showed that: (1) In spatial scale, soil erosion was mainly light erosion and light erosion, accounting for 84.85 %, 97.69 % and 98.76 % of the total area of the basin, respectively; The average soil erosion modulus in 2010, 2015 and 2023 were 1228.80, 624.19 and 611.94 , respectively. Over the temporal scale, there has been a consistent annual increase in the proportion of areas experiencing slight and mild erosion, whereas the proportion of regions subjected to moderate and higher levels of erosion has shown a steady decline year by year.From 2010 to 2015, the area of micro-erosion and light erosion increased the most, increasing by 1266.16 Km2 and 1360.68 Km2, respectively. From 2015 to 2023, the area of micro-erosion intensity and light erosion intensity in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains (Xi "an section) increased the most, increasing by 1266.16 Km2 and 1360.68 Km2, respectively. (2) Between 2010 and 2015, the predominant land transformation involved grasslands being converted into cultivated land and forested areas, while cultivated land was primarily transformed into forested regions. The expansion of water bodies was mainly attributed to the conversion of construction land, and the growth in construction land was largely due to the reallocation of cultivated land.The degree of change in different areas: construction land > grassland > water area > cultivated land > forest land. During the period from 2015 to 2023, the primary land use transitions were characterized by grasslands being predominantly converted into forest land and cultivated land, while cultivated land was mainly transformed into forest land. Additionally, forest land, water bodies, and construction land were primarily sourced from cultivated land. The extent of variation across different regions followed this order: grassland > water bodies > cultivated land > construction land > forest land.(3) Influenced by human activities and nature, the distribution of rainfall erosivity factors in 2010-2023 is basically consistent with soil erosion. The intensity of soil erosion was affected by elevation and slope: strong > moderate > Extremely strong > intense > slight > mild.