[Objective] The comprehensive carrying capacity of resource and environment in Changzhou City of Jiangsu Province was studied, in order to clarify the direction of land space development and utilization, and to provide decision-making references for the spatial allocation optimization of land and population.[Methods] Based on multi-source land and space data from 2010 to 2019, a multi-index and multi-factor synthetic discriminant model was constructed. [Results] The comprehensive carrying capacity of resources and environment in Changzhou City presented significant spatial differences, such as high in the east and low in the west, high in the plain and low in the mountainous and hilly areas. Moreover, based on the food security guarantee level calculated with future land resources, the population carrying index of Changzhou City in 2030 would be as high as 1.27, which was significantly higher than the international alert level. [Conclusion] The spatial development degree, natural background and infrastructure conditions have significant constraints on the comprehensive carrying capacity of resources and environment in Changzhou City, and the population is in a state of overloading.