[Objective] The relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood strategies of farmers in karst rocky desertification areas was explored, and the impact factors of livelihood strategies was identified, in order to provide theoretical basis for promoting the optimal choice of livelihood strategies of farmers in the region.[Methods] Based on the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis, the livelihood capital of farmers in the Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang rocky desertification comprehensive demonstration zone of Guizhou Province was calculated. The multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the livelihood strategies of different farmers to explore the relationship between the livelihood capital and livelihood strategies of farmers in the area.[Results] ① The human capital index of farmers in Huajiang demonstration zone was the highest, and the physical capital and natural capital indexes were lower. ② The farmers in the demonstration area were mainly non-agricultural livelihood strategies, mainly concentrated in Cha Eryan village and Xiagu village. ③ Human capital was the main influencing factor in the conversion of farmers' livelihood strategies, and it had a great impact on the conversion of livelihood strategies of both farming, part-farming and non-farming farmers. ④ The increase in non-agricultural income and the number of family laborers was conducive to promoting farmers to choose more diversified livelihood activities. The cultivated land area, the area of returning farmland to forest land, and livestock capital had a negative impact on the conversion of livelihood strategies.[Conclusion] The administrative villages in the Huajiang demonstration zone are limited by natural conditions, and there are some differences in the livelihood capital stock and the choice of livelihood strategies. The improvement of human capital can effectively promote the transformation of farmers' livelihood strategies in the demonstration zone.