[Objective] The relationship between land use structure and carbon emission in Urumqi City was analyzed, and their correlation and the change characteristics were demonatrated analyzed in a certain time range, so as to explore a way to reduce carbon emission reduction from land use and to provide reference for rational utilization of lands and for the simultaneous improvements of ecological, economic and social effects.[Methods] Based on the data of land change and energy consumption in Urumqi City during 2001-2015, carbon emission, carbon emissions intensity and per capita carbon emissions were estimated. Grey relational degree model was constructed to measure the correlation degrees between land use structure and the above three variables.[Results] The carbon emission increased by nearly 2.6 times, from 8.31 million tons to 21 million tons during 2001-2015 in Urumqi City. The highest correlations between land use structure and variables of carbon emission, carbon intensity and per capita carbon emission listed as below:transportation land was 0.730 8, grassland was 0.765 1 and garden land was 0.821 5. And construction land was highly correlated with carbon emission.[Conclusion] Land use structure is closely related to the carbon emission, and it is feasible to control carbon emission through reasonable adjustment of land use structure.