The evolution of soil quality in orchard with different growing years was studied.Soil studied was alkali at the beginning,but finally was seriously acidified.With growing years prolonging,organic matter showed a declining trend,but nitrogen and phosphorus showed an enriching trend.A decrease-increase trend was presented for both bacteria and fungi,while the actinomycetes showed a linearity increase.The percentage of bacteria over microbe number increased,but fungi and actinomycetes decreased.Soil quality was classified based on principal component analysis.The 9 year orchard had the most excellent quality,the 5 year and 9 year were in good-quality,the 17 year and 23 year were poor,and the 1 year was the worst.After apples were planted in cultivated land,soil quality in orchard became good in full fruit period,soil nutrients and enzyme activity were the highest in the 9 year orchard.The apple trees were in a decline stage after 14 years and a severe degeneration stage after 17～23 years,with soil quality declining as well.